Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Umaru Buba Wakil; Halima Mohammed Bala; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Umaru Buba Wakil, Halima Mohammed Bala, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 1 March 2016 Accepted: 13 March 2016 Published: 4 March 2017

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Abstract

This study was conducted on the physico – chemical water quality analyses of Lake Alau, North – eastern Nigeria. Water was sampled biweekly for the period of seven months from five sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities were determined using the methods described by APHA, (1985) and Boyd (1990). The mean values of the physico – chemical parameters of water qualities analysed are 23.04°C, 56.21 cm, 7.8, 6.41 mg / l, 0.68, 0.034 mg / l, 0.07 mg / l, 39.46 mg / l and 56.28 mg / l for temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, Nitrite, NH₃, alkalinity and total hardness of Lake Alau. The results indicated that, there are no variations between the five stations, except ammonia and nitrate which exhibited significant variations. The water quality parameters were within the range recommended for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. The physico – chemical parameters were within the observed ranges in unpolluted water bodies and also were found to be within tolerable limit for high yield for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. It provided vital information on about some of the quality status of Lake Alau, and its suitability for fish production and uses. Any variation, weather seasonal or spatial in physical and chemical characteristic of the Lake has being influence by climatic regime and catchment characteristic, i.e. extent of human activities and water volume fluctuations. Farmers bordering the Lake, dispose both their organic and inorganic wastes in to the Lake directly or indirectly. It is recommended that the relevant stakeholder charged with management of the Lake should carry out a sensitization campaign to educate the people on the danger associated with loading of the Lake with waste (toxic), from washing disinfectant or herbicides spraying machine in the Lake Alau.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
Page(s)	14-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environment, Freshwater, Fish Production, Lake Alau, Physico – Chemical Parameter, Water Quality

References

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APA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Umaru Buba Wakil, Halima Mohammed Bala, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. (2017). Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 6(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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ACS Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Umaru Buba Wakil; Halima Mohammed Bala; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2017, 6(1), 14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Umaru Buba Wakil, Halima Mohammed Bala, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2017;6(1):14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Umaru Buba Wakil and Halima Mohammed Bala and Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita},
  title = {Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20170601.12},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on the physico – chemical water quality analyses of Lake Alau, North – eastern Nigeria. Water was sampled biweekly for the period of seven months from five sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities were determined using the methods described by APHA, (1985) and Boyd (1990). The mean values of the physico – chemical parameters of water qualities analysed are 23.04°C, 56.21 cm, 7.8, 6.41 mg / l, 0.68, 0.034 mg / l, 0.07 mg / l, 39.46 mg / l and 56.28 mg / l for temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, Nitrite, NH3, alkalinity and total hardness of Lake Alau. The results indicated that, there are no variations between the five stations, except ammonia and nitrate which exhibited significant variations. The water quality parameters were within the range recommended for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. The physico – chemical parameters were within the observed ranges in unpolluted water bodies and also were found to be within tolerable limit for high yield for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. It provided vital information on about some of the quality status of Lake Alau, and its suitability for fish production and uses. Any variation, weather seasonal or spatial in physical and chemical characteristic of the Lake has being influence by climatic regime and catchment characteristic, i.e. extent of human activities and water volume fluctuations. Farmers bordering the Lake, dispose both their organic and inorganic wastes in to the Lake directly or indirectly. It is recommended that the relevant stakeholder charged with management of the Lake should carry out a sensitization campaign to educate the people on the danger associated with loading of the Lake with waste (toxic), from washing disinfectant or herbicides spraying machine in the Lake Alau.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Umaru Buba Wakil
AU  - Halima Mohammed Bala
AU  - Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita
Y1  - 2017/03/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
AB  - This study was conducted on the physico – chemical water quality analyses of Lake Alau, North – eastern Nigeria. Water was sampled biweekly for the period of seven months from five sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities were determined using the methods described by APHA, (1985) and Boyd (1990). The mean values of the physico – chemical parameters of water qualities analysed are 23.04°C, 56.21 cm, 7.8, 6.41 mg / l, 0.68, 0.034 mg / l, 0.07 mg / l, 39.46 mg / l and 56.28 mg / l for temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, Nitrite, NH3, alkalinity and total hardness of Lake Alau. The results indicated that, there are no variations between the five stations, except ammonia and nitrate which exhibited significant variations. The water quality parameters were within the range recommended for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. The physico – chemical parameters were within the observed ranges in unpolluted water bodies and also were found to be within tolerable limit for high yield for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. It provided vital information on about some of the quality status of Lake Alau, and its suitability for fish production and uses. Any variation, weather seasonal or spatial in physical and chemical characteristic of the Lake has being influence by climatic regime and catchment characteristic, i.e. extent of human activities and water volume fluctuations. Farmers bordering the Lake, dispose both their organic and inorganic wastes in to the Lake directly or indirectly. It is recommended that the relevant stakeholder charged with management of the Lake should carry out a sensitization campaign to educate the people on the danger associated with loading of the Lake with waste (toxic), from washing disinfectant or herbicides spraying machine in the Lake Alau.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gwana Adamu Mohammed

Laboratory Unit, Department of Animal Health and Production, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Umaru Buba Wakil

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Halima Mohammed Bala

Department of Basic Science and Technology, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Umaru Buba Wakil, Halima Mohammed Bala, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. (2017). Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 6(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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ACS Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed; Umaru Buba Wakil; Halima Mohammed Bala; Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2017, 6(1), 14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

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AMA Style

Gwana Adamu Mohammed, Umaru Buba Wakil, Halima Mohammed Bala, Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita. Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2017;6(1):14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12,
  author = {Gwana Adamu Mohammed and Umaru Buba Wakil and Halima Mohammed Bala and Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita},
  title = {Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20170601.12},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on the physico – chemical water quality analyses of Lake Alau, North – eastern Nigeria. Water was sampled biweekly for the period of seven months from five sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities were determined using the methods described by APHA, (1985) and Boyd (1990). The mean values of the physico – chemical parameters of water qualities analysed are 23.04°C, 56.21 cm, 7.8, 6.41 mg / l, 0.68, 0.034 mg / l, 0.07 mg / l, 39.46 mg / l and 56.28 mg / l for temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, Nitrite, NH3, alkalinity and total hardness of Lake Alau. The results indicated that, there are no variations between the five stations, except ammonia and nitrate which exhibited significant variations. The water quality parameters were within the range recommended for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. The physico – chemical parameters were within the observed ranges in unpolluted water bodies and also were found to be within tolerable limit for high yield for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. It provided vital information on about some of the quality status of Lake Alau, and its suitability for fish production and uses. Any variation, weather seasonal or spatial in physical and chemical characteristic of the Lake has being influence by climatic regime and catchment characteristic, i.e. extent of human activities and water volume fluctuations. Farmers bordering the Lake, dispose both their organic and inorganic wastes in to the Lake directly or indirectly. It is recommended that the relevant stakeholder charged with management of the Lake should carry out a sensitization campaign to educate the people on the danger associated with loading of the Lake with waste (toxic), from washing disinfectant or herbicides spraying machine in the Lake Alau.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physico – Chemical Water Quality Analyses of Lake Alau, North – Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gwana Adamu Mohammed
AU  - Umaru Buba Wakil
AU  - Halima Mohammed Bala
AU  - Wanas Lalai Ndirmbita
Y1  - 2017/03/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20170601.12
AB  - This study was conducted on the physico – chemical water quality analyses of Lake Alau, North – eastern Nigeria. Water was sampled biweekly for the period of seven months from five sampling stations. The physico – chemical qualities were determined using the methods described by APHA, (1985) and Boyd (1990). The mean values of the physico – chemical parameters of water qualities analysed are 23.04°C, 56.21 cm, 7.8, 6.41 mg / l, 0.68, 0.034 mg / l, 0.07 mg / l, 39.46 mg / l and 56.28 mg / l for temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, Nitrite, NH3, alkalinity and total hardness of Lake Alau. The results indicated that, there are no variations between the five stations, except ammonia and nitrate which exhibited significant variations. The water quality parameters were within the range recommended for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. The physico – chemical parameters were within the observed ranges in unpolluted water bodies and also were found to be within tolerable limit for high yield for aquatic life; fish production and domestic use. It provided vital information on about some of the quality status of Lake Alau, and its suitability for fish production and uses. Any variation, weather seasonal or spatial in physical and chemical characteristic of the Lake has being influence by climatic regime and catchment characteristic, i.e. extent of human activities and water volume fluctuations. Farmers bordering the Lake, dispose both their organic and inorganic wastes in to the Lake directly or indirectly. It is recommended that the relevant stakeholder charged with management of the Lake should carry out a sensitization campaign to educate the people on the danger associated with loading of the Lake with waste (toxic), from washing disinfectant or herbicides spraying machine in the Lake Alau.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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