Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia

Mostafa Osfor; Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi; Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama; Ammar Abdallah Attar; Samaa El-Soadaa; Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia

Mostafa Osfor, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama, Ammar Abdallah Attar, Samaa El-Soadaa, Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 1 April 2015 Accepted: 21 April 2015 Published: 4 May 2015

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Abstract

National guidelines for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk reduction have focused on high-risk families, yet little is known about prevalence of risk factors in general population. To determine the magnitude of the problem relative to the general population, a community-based pilot study of the widely accepted CAD risk factors was carried out over the period of 12 months on a random sample of apparently healthy adults (n =880), aged 18 – 60 years, living in Jeddah Governorate. Three hundred eighty eight (388) subjects (156 males and 232 females) residing in Jeddah town (urban group) and four hundred ninety two (492) subjects (264 males and 228 females) adjoining different rural centers in Jeddah Governorate (rural group) participated. The study was based on complete history taking, prevalence of family history of CAD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of current cigarettes smoking. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly high in urban than rural men and in urban than rural women. Systolic hypertension was recorded in 30.8 % of urban men, 25.8 % of rural men, 24.6 % of rural women and 13.8 % of urban women. Total caloric intake per day was much increased in urban than rural women and in urban than rural men. Serum total cholesterol was significantly higher in urban men and women than in rural men and women respectively. Total cholesterol / HDL ratio showed insignificant difference in the studied groups. Serum Cu+2 and Mg+2 were significantly higher in urban than rural women. Serum Zn+2 and Zn+2 / Cu+2 ratios showed insignificant difference between the studied groups. Meanwhile, rural smokers showed significant increase in serum level of total cholesterol and Cu+2 with low Zn+2 levels. BMI correlated significantly with serum Mg+2 in urban women and serum Cu+2 in urban men. The prevalence risk factors for CAD were markedly raised in rural women and urban men, while rural men showed high prevalence of absence of risk factors. Prevalence of major risk factors increases in rural areas and may be due to dietary and life style changes. Serum trace elements like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mg+2 may predict coronary ischemia as they correlated significantly with BMI and total caloric daily intake which might be affected by current smoking. Further studies of CAD risk factors, their predictive capacity, heritability estimates, and the degree of which they are amenable to treatment are actually needed.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22
Page(s)	375-383
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nutritional Habitats, Smoking, Coronary Artery Diseases

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APA Style

Mostafa Osfor, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama, Ammar Abdallah Attar, Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. (2015). Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(3), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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ACS Style

Mostafa Osfor; Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi; Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama; Ammar Abdallah Attar; Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(3), 375-383. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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AMA Style

Mostafa Osfor, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama, Ammar Abdallah Attar, Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(3):375-383. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22,
  author = {Mostafa Osfor and Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi and Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama and Ammar Abdallah Attar and Samaa El-Soadaa and Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen},
  title = {Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375-383},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150303.22},
  abstract = {National guidelines for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk reduction have focused on high-risk families, yet little is known about prevalence of risk factors in general population. To determine the magnitude of the problem relative to the general population, a community-based pilot study of the widely accepted CAD risk factors was carried out over the period of 12 months on a random sample of apparently healthy adults (n =880), aged 18 – 60 years, living in Jeddah Governorate. Three hundred eighty eight (388) subjects (156 males and 232 females) residing in Jeddah town (urban group) and four hundred ninety two (492) subjects (264 males and 228 females) adjoining different rural centers in Jeddah Governorate (rural group) participated. The study was based on complete history taking, prevalence of family history of CAD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of current cigarettes smoking. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly high in urban than rural men and in urban than rural women. Systolic hypertension was recorded in 30.8 % of urban men, 25.8 % of rural men, 24.6 % of rural women and 13.8 % of urban women. Total caloric intake per day was much increased in urban than rural women and in urban than rural men. Serum total cholesterol was significantly higher in urban men and women than in rural men and women respectively. Total cholesterol / HDL ratio showed insignificant difference in the studied groups. Serum Cu+2 and Mg+2 were significantly higher in urban than rural women. Serum Zn+2 and Zn+2 / Cu+2 ratios showed insignificant difference between the studied groups. Meanwhile, rural smokers showed significant increase in serum level of total cholesterol and Cu+2 with low Zn+2 levels. BMI correlated significantly with serum Mg+2 in urban women and serum Cu+2 in urban men. The prevalence risk factors for CAD were markedly raised in rural women and urban men, while rural men showed high prevalence of absence of risk factors. Prevalence of major risk factors increases in rural areas and may be due to dietary and life style changes. Serum trace elements like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mg+2 may predict coronary ischemia as they correlated significantly with BMI and total caloric daily intake which might be affected by current smoking. Further studies of CAD risk factors, their predictive capacity, heritability estimates, and the degree of which they are amenable to treatment are actually needed.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia
AU - Mostafa Osfor
AU - Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi
AU - Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama
AU - Ammar Abdallah Attar
AU - Samaa El-Soadaa
AU - Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen
Y1 - 2015/05/04
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22
DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22
T2 - Science Journal of Public Health
JF - Science Journal of Public Health
JO - Science Journal of Public Health
SP - 375
EP - 383
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7950
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22
AB - National guidelines for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk reduction have focused on high-risk families, yet little is known about prevalence of risk factors in general population. To determine the magnitude of the problem relative to the general population, a community-based pilot study of the widely accepted CAD risk factors was carried out over the period of 12 months on a random sample of apparently healthy adults (n =880), aged 18 – 60 years, living in Jeddah Governorate. Three hundred eighty eight (388) subjects (156 males and 232 females) residing in Jeddah town (urban group) and four hundred ninety two (492) subjects (264 males and 228 females) adjoining different rural centers in Jeddah Governorate (rural group) participated. The study was based on complete history taking, prevalence of family history of CAD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of current cigarettes smoking. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly high in urban than rural men and in urban than rural women. Systolic hypertension was recorded in 30.8 % of urban men, 25.8 % of rural men, 24.6 % of rural women and 13.8 % of urban women. Total caloric intake per day was much increased in urban than rural women and in urban than rural men. Serum total cholesterol was significantly higher in urban men and women than in rural men and women respectively. Total cholesterol / HDL ratio showed insignificant difference in the studied groups. Serum Cu+2 and Mg+2 were significantly higher in urban than rural women. Serum Zn+2 and Zn+2 / Cu+2 ratios showed insignificant difference between the studied groups. Meanwhile, rural smokers showed significant increase in serum level of total cholesterol and Cu+2 with low Zn+2 levels. BMI correlated significantly with serum Mg+2 in urban women and serum Cu+2 in urban men. The prevalence risk factors for CAD were markedly raised in rural women and urban men, while rural men showed high prevalence of absence of risk factors. Prevalence of major risk factors increases in rural areas and may be due to dietary and life style changes. Serum trace elements like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mg+2 may predict coronary ischemia as they correlated significantly with BMI and total caloric daily intake which might be affected by current smoking. Further studies of CAD risk factors, their predictive capacity, heritability estimates, and the degree of which they are amenable to treatment are actually needed.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Mostafa Osfor

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi

Department of Laboratory Medicines, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama

Department of Laboratory Medicines, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Ammar Abdallah Attar

Department of Laboratory Medicines, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Samaa El-Soadaa

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen

Department of Laboratory Medicines, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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Mostafa Osfor, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama, Ammar Abdallah Attar, Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. (2015). Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(3), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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ACS Style

Mostafa Osfor; Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi; Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama; Ammar Abdallah Attar; Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(3), 375-383. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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AMA Style

Mostafa Osfor, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama, Ammar Abdallah Attar, Samaa El-Soadaa, et al. Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(3):375-383. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22,
  author = {Mostafa Osfor and Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi and Mohamed Abo Bakr Baslama and Ammar Abdallah Attar and Samaa El-Soadaa and Mohamed Mohamed Khereldeen},
  title = {Relation Between Nutritional Risk Factors and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers and Non-Smokers Resident in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375-383},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150303.22},
  abstract = {National guidelines for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk reduction have focused on high-risk families, yet little is known about prevalence of risk factors in general population. To determine the magnitude of the problem relative to the general population, a community-based pilot study of the widely accepted CAD risk factors was carried out over the period of 12 months on a random sample of apparently healthy adults (n =880), aged 18 – 60 years, living in Jeddah Governorate. Three hundred eighty eight (388) subjects (156 males and 232 females) residing in Jeddah town (urban group) and four hundred ninety two (492) subjects (264 males and 228 females) adjoining different rural centers in Jeddah Governorate (rural group) participated. The study was based on complete history taking, prevalence of family history of CAD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of current cigarettes smoking. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly high in urban than rural men and in urban than rural women. Systolic hypertension was recorded in 30.8 % of urban men, 25.8 % of rural men, 24.6 % of rural women and 13.8 % of urban women. Total caloric intake per day was much increased in urban than rural women and in urban than rural men. Serum total cholesterol was significantly higher in urban men and women than in rural men and women respectively. Total cholesterol / HDL ratio showed insignificant difference in the studied groups. Serum Cu+2 and Mg+2 were significantly higher in urban than rural women. Serum Zn+2 and Zn+2 / Cu+2 ratios showed insignificant difference between the studied groups. Meanwhile, rural smokers showed significant increase in serum level of total cholesterol and Cu+2 with low Zn+2 levels. BMI correlated significantly with serum Mg+2 in urban women and serum Cu+2 in urban men. The prevalence risk factors for CAD were markedly raised in rural women and urban men, while rural men showed high prevalence of absence of risk factors. Prevalence of major risk factors increases in rural areas and may be due to dietary and life style changes. Serum trace elements like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mg+2 may predict coronary ischemia as they correlated significantly with BMI and total caloric daily intake which might be affected by current smoking. Further studies of CAD risk factors, their predictive capacity, heritability estimates, and the degree of which they are amenable to treatment are actually needed.},
 year = {2015}
}

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