Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels

Yuegu Wang; Songsheng Zheng; Zhaolin Wang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels

Yuegu Wang, Songsheng Zheng, Zhaolin Wang

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 19 June 2018 Published: 20 June 2018

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Abstract

This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO₂, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO₂ emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
Page(s)	47-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fuels, Ammonia, Combustion Emissions, Hydrogen

References

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[2]	Chintala, V. and K. A. Subramanian, “A comprehensive review on utilization of hydrogen in a compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, 2017, pp. 472-491.
[3]	Tsujimura, T. and Y. Suzuki, “The utilization of hydrogen in hydrogen/diesel dual fuel engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 11, 2017, pp. 1-11.
[4]	Du, Y., et al., "Effect of addition of hydrogen and exhaust gas recirculation on characteristics of hydrogen gasoline engine." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, pp. 1-11.
[5]	Liu R, Ting D S, Checkel MD. “Ammonia as a fuel for SI engine.” Training, 2013, pp. 11.
[6]	Stark man ES, Newhall H K, Sutton R, et al. “Ammonia as a spark ignition engine fuel: theory and application.” Challenge, vol. 3, 2009, pp. 25
[7]	Frigo, S. and R. Gentili, “Analysis of the behaviour of a 4-stroke Si engine fuelled with ammonia and hydrogen.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, 2013, pp. 1607-1615.
[8]	Reiter AJ, Kong SC. “Combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engine using dual ammonia diesel fuel.” Fuel, vol. 90, 2011, pp. 87~97.
[9]	Duynslaegher, C., et al., “Modeling of ammonia combustion at low pressure. “ Combustion and Flame, vol. 159, 2012, pp. 2799-2805.
[10]	Nozari, H. and A. Karabeyoğlu, “Numerical study of combustion characteristics of ammonia as a renewable fuel and establishment of reduced reaction mechanisms.” Fuel, vol. 159, 2015, pp. 223-233.
[11]	Data source: Bill Leighty,”comparing fuels for energy transmission, storage, and integration”, San Antonio, ammonia fuel conference, vol. 10, 2012, pp. 2.
[12]	Barthelemy, H., M. Weber, and F. Barbier, Hydrogen storage: Recent improvements and industrial perspectives. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017. 42(11): p. 7254-7262.
[13]	Catherine Duynslaegher. “Experimental and numerical study of ammonia combustion.” University of Leuven, 2011, pp. 1-314.
[14]	D. Hotza, J. D. da Costa, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, 2008, pp. 4915–4935.
[15]	Weidao Shen, Jungeng Tong, Engineering Thermodynamics, Higher education press, 2007, pp. 441.

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APA Style

Yuegu Wang, Songsheng Zheng, Zhaolin Wang. (2018). Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 7(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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ACS Style

Yuegu Wang; Songsheng Zheng; Zhaolin Wang. Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2018, 7(1), 47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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AMA Style

Yuegu Wang, Songsheng Zheng, Zhaolin Wang. Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. J Energy Nat Resour. 2018;7(1):47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17,
  author = {Yuegu Wang and Songsheng Zheng and Zhaolin Wang},
  title = {Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20180701.17},
  abstract = {This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels
AU  - Yuegu Wang
AU  - Songsheng Zheng
AU  - Zhaolin Wang
Y1  - 2018/06/20
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
AB  - This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yuegu Wang

College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Songsheng Zheng

College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Zhaolin Wang

College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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APA Style

Yuegu Wang, Songsheng Zheng, Zhaolin Wang. (2018). Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 7(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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ACS Style

Yuegu Wang; Songsheng Zheng; Zhaolin Wang. Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2018, 7(1), 47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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AMA Style

Yuegu Wang, Songsheng Zheng, Zhaolin Wang. Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels. J Energy Nat Resour. 2018;7(1):47-53. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17,
  author = {Yuegu Wang and Songsheng Zheng and Zhaolin Wang},
  title = {Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20180701.17},
  abstract = {This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Efficiency and Emissions Analysis of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Hydrocarbon Fuels
AU  - Yuegu Wang
AU  - Songsheng Zheng
AU  - Zhaolin Wang
Y1  - 2018/06/20
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180701.17
AB  - This paper compares some typical fossil fuels with carbon-free fuels from aspects of combustion-related properties, energy efficiency and emissions. It is based on the assumption that the fuel of interest is completely combusted. The comparison indicators include species of exhaust gases, wasted heat of emissions and the quantities thereof. It is found that in spite of the weakness of lower volume energy density of ammonia than gasoline, diesel and methane, the lower corresponding air-fuel ratio of ammonia compromised this weakness. From the comparison of total emissions by mass, it is found that combustion of ammonia generates a much smaller amount of total emissions than the combustion of the same kilogram of hydrogen, gasoline, diesel, methane, and ethanol. Although combustion of hydrogen does not generate CO2, the total emissions by mass are much larger than other fuels and is 5 times greater than ammonia per unit mass of fuel. Besides, the total amount of emissions of these fuels is similar when producing the same amount of combustion heat. It is concluded that ammonia is a very promising fuel that not only generates fewer CO2 emissions, fewer total emissions, but also performs high energy efficiency.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download