An evaluation of the sustained release (SR) properties of a polyacrylic acid polymer, Carbopol 971(CP 971) as matrix in the formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH) tablets was carried out. The CP 971 in concentrations of up to 40 % w/w were wet granulated using ethanol 95% v/v and the dried granules were evaluated for packing, densification and flow properties. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight and content of active ingredient. The formulations dissolution profiles were tested in 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.3), simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) without enzymes. Results obtained showed significant retardation (p < 0.05) of ciprofloxacin release as the polymer concentration increased. Drug release was significantly different in the three media used with the release rate being faster in SGF than 0.1 N HCl and SIF. This can be attributed to the high solubility of the drug in acidic media. More than 50% of drug content was released within 4 h. Ciprofloxacin tablets containing 20 % w/w was adjudged the best formulation and drug release from the formulation was diffusion controlled (Fickian).
| Published in | International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 2, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15 |
| Page(s) | 85-90 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Poly (Acrylic) Acid, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, Micromeritics, Densification, Sustained Release
| [1] | S.I. Ofoefule and A. Chukwu, ‘Use of Acrylic and Metacrylic Acid Derivatives as Sustained Release Matrices for Theophylline Hydrate Tablets’, Pharm. Chim. Boll. 138, 1999, p. 562. |
| [2] | S.I. Ofoefule and C. Amanambu, ‘Comparative Sustained Release Matrix Capacities of Some Polymer Matrices in Theophylline Hydrate Tablets’, J. Univ. Sci. Tech.,Kumasi, Ghana, vol.18,(2) 1998, p. 47. |
| [3] | S.J. Carter, In : Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy, Pitman Publishing Inc.. Massachusetts , 1976, pp. 282 – 286. |
| [4] | S.S. Jambhakar and P.J. Breen, Basic Pharmacokinetics, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2009, pp. 87- 96. |
| [5] | S.I. Ofoefule, Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Samakin Nig. Enterprises, Lagos, 2005, p.102. |
| [6] | H.C. Ansel, N.G. Popovich and L.V. Allen, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 9 ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010, pp. 257 – 271. |
| [7] | H.C. Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 4 ed., Lea Febiger, Philadelphia, 1985, p. 170. |
| [8] | S. Aditya, K. Tartavati, A. Mehta, L.A. Larry and W.H. Stephen, ‘Influence of Metacrylic Acid Polymers On The Release Performance of Weakly Basic Drugs From Sustained Release Hydrophilic Matrices’. J. Pharm. Sci. vol 93 ( 9), 2004, pp. 2319 - 2331. |
| [9] | G. Vjera, G. David and B.S.Andrews, ‘Comparison of the Mucoadhesive Properties of Various Polymers’, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. vol. 57, 2005, pp. 1713 - 1723. |
| [10] | O. Okorie, Some Physicochemical and In Vitro Bioadhesive Properties of Deffated Detarium Gum,Quill and Sperr,Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished).Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University Of Nigeria, Nsukka.Nigeria, 2004, |
| [11] | D.A. Alderman, A review of cellulose ethers in hydrophilic matrices for oral controlled Release dosage forms. Int. J. Tech. Prod.Manuf. vol.5 (3) 1984, pp. 1 - 9. |
| [12] | S.B. Ganesh, P.L. Safak, K.S. Kaylan and H.S. Neau, Extruded and Spheronical Beads Containing Carbopol 974P To Deliver Electrolytes and Salts of Weakly Basic Drugs, Int. J. Pharm. 321, 2006, pp. 60 - 71. |
| [13] | D.A Alderman, A Review of Cellulose Ethers in Hydrophyillic Matrices for Oral Controlled Release Dosage Forms, Int. J. Tech. Prod. Manuf. 5 (3), 1984, 1 – 9. |
| [14] | The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) 32, The United States Pharmacopoeial Convention, Rockville M.D., 2009, ,p. 1945. |
| [15] | J.E.F. Reynolds, Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, 37 ed., The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1982, pp. 265 – 269. |
| [16] | C. Brattstron, A.S. Maimborg and G. Tyden, ‘Penetration of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin into Human Aliograit Pancreatic Juice’, J. Antimirob. Chemother. 22, 1988, pp. 213-219 |
| [17] | F.D. Daschner, M. Westenfelder and A. Daihoff, Penetration of Ciprofloxacin into Kidney, Fat, Muscle and Skin Tissues, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol.vol. 5, 1986, pp.212 - 213 |
| [18] | B. Crump, R. Wise and J. Deut, Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Penetration of Ciprofloxacin, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., vol. 24, 1983, pp. 784 – 786. |
| [19] | Ciprofloxacin @ htpp.// home.intelcome.compharm/lennon/orpic.html downloaded on 2nd May,2012. |
| [20] | J.L. Fourcroy, B. Berner, Y. Chiang, M. Cramer, L. Rowe and N. Shore, ‘Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Once- Daily Extended Release Ciprofloxacin Tablet Formulation for Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women’, Antimirob. Agents Chemother. vol.40 (10) 2005, pp. 4137 – 4143. |
| [21] | T.S. Allagh, G.O. Ameh and S.I. Okafor, Formulation and Evaluation of The Physicochemical Properties of Ageratum conyzoides (Fam.Asteraceae) Granules and Tablets, Nig. J. Pharm Sci.,vol.8 (2) 2009, pp. 18 - 25 |
| [22] | J.N. Staniforth, ‘Powder Flow’ In: Aulton, M.E., Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, ELBS, Churchill Livingstone, 1988, p.105 |
| [23] | B.S. Neuman, The Flow Properties of Powders. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academic Press, London, 1967, pp.181 - 188. |
| [24] | British Pharmacopoiea. The Stationary Press London, 2009, Appendix XIIB : A 467 – 468. |
| [25] | G.S. Banker and N.R. Anderson, Tablets In : Theory and Practice of Industrial Industrial Pharmacy, Lachman and Lieberman (editors), CBS Publishing House, Bombay 1991, pp.293 – 329. |
| [26] | N.A. Armstrong, ‘Tabletting’ In : Aulton M.E.(ed.) Pharmaceutics : ‘The Science of Dosage Form Design’ ELBS, Churchill Livingstone, London,1990, p. 663 |
| [27] | P.J. Sinko, Martins Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6 ed.,Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2011, pp.492 – 515. |
| [28] | S.I. Ofoefule, A textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Samakin (Nig) Ent. Lagos, 2002, pp 57 – 66. |
| [29] | B.F. Cooper and E.A. Brecht, J. Amer. Pharm. Ass. Ed., 46 : 1957, 540 – 980. |
| [30] | British Pharmacopoiea, The Stationary Press, London, 2011, Appendix XVIIG. |
| [31] | J. Sun, S. Sakai, Y. Tauchi,Y. Deguchi, J. Chen, R. Zhang and K. Marimoto, Determination of the lipophilicity of two quinolone anti-bacterials : Ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin in the protonation equilibrium, Eur. Pharm. Biopharm. Vol. 54, 2002, pp 51 - 58. |
| [32] | T.A. Tartaglione, A.C. Raffalovich, W.J. Poynor, A. Espinal-Inapreff and T.M. Kekering, Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of Ciprofloxacin After Sequential Increasing Oral Doses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Vol. 29, 1986, pp. 62 - 66. |
| [33] | J.G. Cohen, In: Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. Florey, K.(ed) Academic Press, New York, .1975, p. 180. |
| [34] | R.B. Theodore, Liquid Dosage Forms Containing Insoluble Matter In : J.P. Sprawls (ed), 2 nd ed., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia,1970, p.212. |
| [35] | R.W. Korsmeyer and N.A. Peppas, Effect of Morphology of Hydrophilic Polymer Matrices On The Diffussion and Release of water Soluble Drugs, J. Member. Sci. vol.9, 1981, pp. 211 - 217. |
| [36] | N.A. Peppas, Analysis of Fickian and non Fickian drug release from polymers, Pharm. Acta Helv. 60 ; 1985, pp. 110 - 111 |
| [37] | S. Lin, J. Menig and L. Lachman, J. Pharm. Sci., 57 : 1968, pp. 2142 - 2144 |
APA Style
Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam, Emeje, O. Martin, Ofoefule, et al. (2014). Evaluation of a Poly (Acrylic) Acid Polymer as a Sustained Release Matrix for Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 2(4), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15
ACS Style
Nwachukwu; Nkemakolam; Emeje; O. Martin; Ofoefule, et al. Evaluation of a Poly (Acrylic) Acid Polymer as a Sustained Release Matrix for Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2014, 2(4), 85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15
AMA Style
Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam, Emeje, O. Martin, Ofoefule, et al. Evaluation of a Poly (Acrylic) Acid Polymer as a Sustained Release Matrix for Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2014;2(4):85-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15,
author = {Nwachukwu and Nkemakolam and Emeje and O. Martin and Ofoefule and I. Sabinus},
title = {Evaluation of a Poly (Acrylic) Acid Polymer as a Sustained Release Matrix for Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride},
journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {85-90},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20140204.15},
abstract = {An evaluation of the sustained release (SR) properties of a polyacrylic acid polymer, Carbopol 971(CP 971) as matrix in the formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH) tablets was carried out. The CP 971 in concentrations of up to 40 % w/w were wet granulated using ethanol 95% v/v and the dried granules were evaluated for packing, densification and flow properties. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight and content of active ingredient. The formulations dissolution profiles were tested in 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.3), simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) without enzymes. Results obtained showed significant retardation (p < 0.05) of ciprofloxacin release as the polymer concentration increased. Drug release was significantly different in the three media used with the release rate being faster in SGF than 0.1 N HCl and SIF. This can be attributed to the high solubility of the drug in acidic media. More than 50% of drug content was released within 4 h. Ciprofloxacin tablets containing 20 % w/w was adjudged the best formulation and drug release from the formulation was diffusion controlled (Fickian).},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Poly (Acrylic) Acid Polymer as a Sustained Release Matrix for Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride AU - Nwachukwu AU - Nkemakolam AU - Emeje AU - O. Martin AU - Ofoefule AU - I. Sabinus Y1 - 2014/07/30 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15 T2 - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society JF - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society JO - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-7420 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.15 AB - An evaluation of the sustained release (SR) properties of a polyacrylic acid polymer, Carbopol 971(CP 971) as matrix in the formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH) tablets was carried out. The CP 971 in concentrations of up to 40 % w/w were wet granulated using ethanol 95% v/v and the dried granules were evaluated for packing, densification and flow properties. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight and content of active ingredient. The formulations dissolution profiles were tested in 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.3), simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) without enzymes. Results obtained showed significant retardation (p < 0.05) of ciprofloxacin release as the polymer concentration increased. Drug release was significantly different in the three media used with the release rate being faster in SGF than 0.1 N HCl and SIF. This can be attributed to the high solubility of the drug in acidic media. More than 50% of drug content was released within 4 h. Ciprofloxacin tablets containing 20 % w/w was adjudged the best formulation and drug release from the formulation was diffusion controlled (Fickian). VL - 2 IS - 4 ER -
Email: