A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt

Rabee M. A. Belal; Said A. F. Hawash

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt

Rabee M. A. Belal, Said A. F. Hawash

Published in European Business & Management (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 19 September 2016 Accepted: 24 November 2016 Published: 21 January 2017

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Abstract

Previous related studies confirmed that Egypt falls under the "water poverty" line or the "water scarcity limit" estimated at around 1000 m³ annually per capita of the renewal water resources and need the local needs in agriculture, industry, energy and the other necessary needs for the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, "an increasing "water gap" arose, so the water allotment per capita shrank from 2500 m³ in 1950's down to 600 m³ and continue to shrink to reach around 250 m³ by 2050 under the constant water allocation for Egypt and the overpopulation and the increasing water needs, reusing the water and put the virtual water to use, [5]". The aim of research is to study the economic use for agricultural water resources in the Northwest Cost via reconsidering the cropping pattern combination of agricultural crops. Therefore, Methodology and data sources could be explained as that The research used the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and some other statistical methods to identify the relationships that govern the main variables besides the quantitative measuring; the multi-purpose programing method was used to set alternatives to the typical cropping pattern with regard to maximizing the utilization of the available water resources for agriculture under the constraints and limitations of the available economic resources in the Northwest Coast. Finally, the research results estimating the net return of water unit for the first and second alternatives indicated a rise in the return of water unit in the proposed crop structure versus the current return of water unit in the crop structure, the second scenario was the best according to the return value of water unit in the proposed crop structure as the rise came to 20.9% than the current crop structure. It was indicated that the return rise achieved in this scenario came to 103 million LE with an increase of 15% than the net return in the current crop structure. Estimation results showed also that the highest average of water unit return was confined to Prickly Pear in the 3 alternatives followed by tomato and apricot, as for the third alternative, assessments indicated a rise in water requirements for the proposed pattern with 2268 million M³ with 299.2% than that its current counterpart resulting in a reduction in such requirements for other crops i.e. wheat, onion, garlic, winter tomato, winter eggplant, groundnut, summer watermelon, summer cantaloupe, date palm and prickly pear.

Published in	European Business & Management (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
Page(s)	80-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Economic and Efficiency of Using of Water Resources, Agricultural Needs, Economic Analysis, Multi-purpose Programing Method, Cropping Pattern, Utilization of Water Resources, Net return of Water Unit

References

[1]	Arab Republic of Egypt, Information General Authority, the Importance of Sustainable Development and water Resources in Egypt, http:www.sis.gov, 2015.
[2]	Dr. Mohamed Salman Taie, the Role of the Agricultural Strategies in the Integrated Management for Water resources, the Egyptian Case, a Conference on making New Strategies to Uplift the Agricultural Sector in Egypt, Cairo University, College of Economy and political Sciences, Researches and Monetary, economics studies Center, Agricultural Economics Institute, FAO, Oct. 2009.
[3]	Fao, Agricultural Services and Consumer Protection, Water Management, 2003.
[4]	Dr. Heba Handosa, Situation Analysis and the Main Developmental Challenges in Egypt, A Document included many contributions in consultation with Experts from Various Sectors and Independent counselors from Egypt and UN Organizations, and other National and International development partners in Egypt, 2010.
[5]	Adejobi, Patrick Kormawa, V, M, Manyong, J. k. Olayemi, Optimal Crop Combiantions Under Limited Resource Conditions – Application of Linear Goal Programming Model to Smallholder Farmers in the Druer Savannah Zone of Nigeria, G ottingen "Technological and Institutional Innovations for Sustainable Rural Development", Deutscher Tropentag, Oct, 2003.
[6]	Cropping Pattern in the light of the water management policies in Northwest Coast, Egypt, 2014.
[7]	Tamiz, M., ed., Multi-Obiective Progrmming and Goal Progrmming; Theories an Application., Berlin Springe -Verlag, 2006.
[8]	Lee. Sang M, Olson David L, Goal Programming Formulations For A Comparative Analysis of Scalar Noems And Orinal vs, Ratio Ata., Vanadian Operational Research Society, pro-Quet, Aug, 2004.
[9]	P. B. R. Hazell, Gamal Siam, Ibrahim Soliman, Impact of the structural and resource use in Egypt., International for Programming od policy research institute, Washington, D.C., S. A. 2005.
[10]	David, R, Anderson, and Others, An Introduction to Management Science, Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making., Copyright, 2006, By West Publishing Co, 2009.
[11]	Adejobi, Patrick Kormawa, V. M. Manyoung, J. K. Olayemi, Optimal Crop Combinations Under Limited Resource Conditions-Application of Linear Goal Programming Model to Small bolder Farmers in the Druer Savannah Zone of Nigeria., Gottingen "Technological and Institutional Innovations for sustainable Rural Development", Deutscher Tropentag, Oct. 2003.
[12]	Arab Republic of Egypt, "The Central System for General Mobilization and Statistics.", Water Resources and Agricultural Expansion, Water Resources and Rationalization in Egypt, 1987. http:www,msrintranet,capmas.gov,eg.
[13]	Arab Republic of Egypt, "The Egyptian Cabinet, Is Egypt in the Water Poverty age?.", A series of monthly information reports, third year, issue 30, Jun. 2009.
[14]	The Egyptian Cabinet, "Information and Decision Support Center.", A Study on the Reality and Future of Water, a group of researchers, Future Studies Center, Jan. 2006.
[15]	The Egyptian Cabinet," Information and Decision Support Center.", Exploring the Future of Water Resources and management in Egypt, a group of researchers, Future Studies Center, June 2006.
[16]	Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, "the River Nile File.", http:Translate, Google usercontent.com

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APA Style

Rabee M. A. Belal, Said A. F. Hawash. (2017). A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. European Business & Management, 2(2), 80-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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ACS Style

Rabee M. A. Belal; Said A. F. Hawash. A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. Eur. Bus. Manag. 2017, 2(2), 80-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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AMA Style

Rabee M. A. Belal, Said A. F. Hawash. A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. Eur Bus Manag. 2017;2(2):80-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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@article{10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20,
  author = {Rabee M. A. Belal and Said A. F. Hawash},
  title = {A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt},
  journal = {European Business & Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {80-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ebm.20160202.20},
  abstract = {Previous related studies confirmed that Egypt falls under the "water poverty" line or the "water scarcity limit" estimated at around 1000 m3 annually per capita of the renewal water resources and need the local needs in agriculture, industry, energy and the other necessary needs for the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, "an increasing "water gap" arose, so the water allotment per capita shrank from 2500 m3 in 1950's down to 600 m3 and continue to shrink to reach around 250 m3 by 2050 under the constant water allocation for Egypt and the overpopulation and the increasing water needs, reusing the water and put the virtual water to use, [5]". The aim of research is to study the economic use for agricultural water resources in the Northwest Cost via reconsidering the cropping pattern combination of agricultural crops. Therefore, Methodology and data sources could be explained as that The research used the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and some other statistical methods to identify the relationships that govern the main variables besides the quantitative measuring; the multi-purpose programing method was used to set alternatives to the typical cropping pattern with regard to maximizing the utilization of the available water resources for agriculture under the constraints and limitations of the available economic resources in the Northwest Coast. Finally, the research results estimating the net return of water unit for the first and second alternatives indicated a rise in the return of water unit in the proposed crop structure versus the current return of water unit in the crop structure, the second scenario was the best according to the return value of water unit in the proposed crop structure as the rise came to 20.9% than the current crop structure. It was indicated that the return rise achieved in this scenario came to 103 million LE with an increase of 15% than the net return in the current crop structure. Estimation results showed also that the highest average of water unit return was confined to Prickly Pear in the 3 alternatives followed by tomato and apricot, as for the third alternative, assessments indicated a rise in water requirements for the proposed pattern with 2268 million M3 with 299.2% than that its current counterpart resulting in a reduction in such requirements for other crops i.e. wheat, onion, garlic, winter tomato, winter eggplant, groundnut, summer watermelon, summer cantaloupe, date palm and prickly pear.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt
AU  - Rabee M. A. Belal
AU  - Said A. F. Hawash
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
T2  - European Business & Management
JF  - European Business & Management
JO  - European Business & Management
SP  - 80
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5811
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
AB  - Previous related studies confirmed that Egypt falls under the "water poverty" line or the "water scarcity limit" estimated at around 1000 m3 annually per capita of the renewal water resources and need the local needs in agriculture, industry, energy and the other necessary needs for the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, "an increasing "water gap" arose, so the water allotment per capita shrank from 2500 m3 in 1950's down to 600 m3 and continue to shrink to reach around 250 m3 by 2050 under the constant water allocation for Egypt and the overpopulation and the increasing water needs, reusing the water and put the virtual water to use, [5]". The aim of research is to study the economic use for agricultural water resources in the Northwest Cost via reconsidering the cropping pattern combination of agricultural crops. Therefore, Methodology and data sources could be explained as that The research used the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and some other statistical methods to identify the relationships that govern the main variables besides the quantitative measuring; the multi-purpose programing method was used to set alternatives to the typical cropping pattern with regard to maximizing the utilization of the available water resources for agriculture under the constraints and limitations of the available economic resources in the Northwest Coast. Finally, the research results estimating the net return of water unit for the first and second alternatives indicated a rise in the return of water unit in the proposed crop structure versus the current return of water unit in the crop structure, the second scenario was the best according to the return value of water unit in the proposed crop structure as the rise came to 20.9% than the current crop structure. It was indicated that the return rise achieved in this scenario came to 103 million LE with an increase of 15% than the net return in the current crop structure. Estimation results showed also that the highest average of water unit return was confined to Prickly Pear in the 3 alternatives followed by tomato and apricot, as for the third alternative, assessments indicated a rise in water requirements for the proposed pattern with 2268 million M3 with 299.2% than that its current counterpart resulting in a reduction in such requirements for other crops i.e. wheat, onion, garlic, winter tomato, winter eggplant, groundnut, summer watermelon, summer cantaloupe, date palm and prickly pear.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Rabee M. A. Belal

Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
Said A. F. Hawash

National Water Research Center, Mech. & Elect. Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt

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APA Style

Rabee M. A. Belal, Said A. F. Hawash. (2017). A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. European Business & Management, 2(2), 80-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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ACS Style

Rabee M. A. Belal; Said A. F. Hawash. A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. Eur. Bus. Manag. 2017, 2(2), 80-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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AMA Style

Rabee M. A. Belal, Said A. F. Hawash. A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt. Eur Bus Manag. 2017;2(2):80-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20

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@article{10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20,
  author = {Rabee M. A. Belal and Said A. F. Hawash},
  title = {A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt},
  journal = {European Business & Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {80-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ebm.20160202.20},
  abstract = {Previous related studies confirmed that Egypt falls under the "water poverty" line or the "water scarcity limit" estimated at around 1000 m3 annually per capita of the renewal water resources and need the local needs in agriculture, industry, energy and the other necessary needs for the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, "an increasing "water gap" arose, so the water allotment per capita shrank from 2500 m3 in 1950's down to 600 m3 and continue to shrink to reach around 250 m3 by 2050 under the constant water allocation for Egypt and the overpopulation and the increasing water needs, reusing the water and put the virtual water to use, [5]". The aim of research is to study the economic use for agricultural water resources in the Northwest Cost via reconsidering the cropping pattern combination of agricultural crops. Therefore, Methodology and data sources could be explained as that The research used the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and some other statistical methods to identify the relationships that govern the main variables besides the quantitative measuring; the multi-purpose programing method was used to set alternatives to the typical cropping pattern with regard to maximizing the utilization of the available water resources for agriculture under the constraints and limitations of the available economic resources in the Northwest Coast. Finally, the research results estimating the net return of water unit for the first and second alternatives indicated a rise in the return of water unit in the proposed crop structure versus the current return of water unit in the crop structure, the second scenario was the best according to the return value of water unit in the proposed crop structure as the rise came to 20.9% than the current crop structure. It was indicated that the return rise achieved in this scenario came to 103 million LE with an increase of 15% than the net return in the current crop structure. Estimation results showed also that the highest average of water unit return was confined to Prickly Pear in the 3 alternatives followed by tomato and apricot, as for the third alternative, assessments indicated a rise in water requirements for the proposed pattern with 2268 million M3 with 299.2% than that its current counterpart resulting in a reduction in such requirements for other crops i.e. wheat, onion, garlic, winter tomato, winter eggplant, groundnut, summer watermelon, summer cantaloupe, date palm and prickly pear.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Proposed Cropping Pattern in the Light of Policies of Water Management in the Northwest Coast, Egypt
AU  - Rabee M. A. Belal
AU  - Said A. F. Hawash
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
T2  - European Business & Management
JF  - European Business & Management
JO  - European Business & Management
SP  - 80
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5811
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20160202.20
AB  - Previous related studies confirmed that Egypt falls under the "water poverty" line or the "water scarcity limit" estimated at around 1000 m3 annually per capita of the renewal water resources and need the local needs in agriculture, industry, energy and the other necessary needs for the process of socio-economic development. Accordingly, "an increasing "water gap" arose, so the water allotment per capita shrank from 2500 m3 in 1950's down to 600 m3 and continue to shrink to reach around 250 m3 by 2050 under the constant water allocation for Egypt and the overpopulation and the increasing water needs, reusing the water and put the virtual water to use, [5]". The aim of research is to study the economic use for agricultural water resources in the Northwest Cost via reconsidering the cropping pattern combination of agricultural crops. Therefore, Methodology and data sources could be explained as that The research used the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis and some other statistical methods to identify the relationships that govern the main variables besides the quantitative measuring; the multi-purpose programing method was used to set alternatives to the typical cropping pattern with regard to maximizing the utilization of the available water resources for agriculture under the constraints and limitations of the available economic resources in the Northwest Coast. Finally, the research results estimating the net return of water unit for the first and second alternatives indicated a rise in the return of water unit in the proposed crop structure versus the current return of water unit in the crop structure, the second scenario was the best according to the return value of water unit in the proposed crop structure as the rise came to 20.9% than the current crop structure. It was indicated that the return rise achieved in this scenario came to 103 million LE with an increase of 15% than the net return in the current crop structure. Estimation results showed also that the highest average of water unit return was confined to Prickly Pear in the 3 alternatives followed by tomato and apricot, as for the third alternative, assessments indicated a rise in water requirements for the proposed pattern with 2268 million M3 with 299.2% than that its current counterpart resulting in a reduction in such requirements for other crops i.e. wheat, onion, garlic, winter tomato, winter eggplant, groundnut, summer watermelon, summer cantaloupe, date palm and prickly pear.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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