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Case Report
Neuropsychology of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, a Case Study in Stage I Disease
Diana Rosa Hidalgo Martinola*,
Ana Karina Gutiérrez Alvarez,
Yarily Martínez Fernández,
Mairelys Guillén Reyes,
María Victoria González Jover
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
1-7
Received:
31 January 2024
Accepted:
18 February 2024
Published:
7 March 2024
Abstract: Currently, the evaluation of cognitive disorders in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 is of great interest, given that the identification of its neuropsychological characteristics allows for a deeper understanding of the disease. However, its approach from the field of study of neuropsychology, based on the integration of the cognitive, affective and behavioral state, is insufficient. The objective of study is characterized from a neuropsychological point of view, a series of cases with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 in stage I. A multiple case study was carried out with four patients with diagnosis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 in stage I genetically confirmed and intentionally chosen. Psychological and neurocognitive tests were applied to evaluate the cognitive, affective and behavioral spheres. Patients with SCA2 stage I presented cognitive impairment in the neuropsychological examination, only one of the subjects showed normal global cognitive functioning, although in the evaluation by specific domains he evidenced various cognitive deficits. Anxiety and depression at pathological levels were not identified in the patients. They showed satisfaction and self-actualization with their lifestyles. The neuropsychological characterization of the cases studied with SCA2 in stage I contributed to a greater understanding of the disease. The identified deficits speak in favor of carrying out a neuropsychological evaluation from the initial stages, to project more effective neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies, which is of interest to the scientific community in the field of Neurosciences.
Abstract: Currently, the evaluation of cognitive disorders in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 is of great interest, given that the identification of its neuropsychological characteristics allows for a deeper understanding of the disease. However, its approach from the field of study of neuropsychology, based on the integration of the cognitive, affective and b...
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Review Article
A Systematic Review: Exercise Based Approaches to Activate Central Pattern Generator in Spinal Cord Injury Survivors
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
8-15
Received:
29 February 2024
Accepted:
19 March 2024
Published:
2 April 2024
Abstract: Background: Locomotion is a basic motor act which is essential for the survival of humans. The basic muscle synergies which are responsible for body propulsion are generated by the neurons in spinal cord collectively known as Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion. Spinal Cord is the major conduit for the transmission of information between brain and the rest of the body. Injury to the spinal cord is the insult to the neural elements of the spinal canal from foramen magnum to cauda equina. SCIs are heterogeneous in casualty, severity and location of injury but locomotion is the ultimate goal for the post-SCI survivors. In order for locomotion to occur, a complex CPG center of locomotion activation is required. Exercise based approach is the cornerstone in the treatment and management of individuals with SCI. Objective: To study the existing evidence on the effectiveness of Exercise-based approaches to activate Central Pattern Generator in Spinal Cord Injury Survivors with a focus on randomized controlled trials and cross over trials studies. Methodology: Literature published in English language. Original publications including RCTs and cross over trials published in peer-reviewed journals focused on traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury published from 2014 to 2022. A key literature search adopted, for a more targeted search the following terms were used: effect of exercise, task-based approaches, body weight supported treadmill training, over ground training, balance and coordination training on the activation. Search Strategy: Database used were PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and Medline. Results: Assessment of Risk of Bias was done using PeDro analysis. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria out of 300 studies searched. Discussion: Exercise based approaches are highly essential and integrated part of the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury survivors. It has been concluded that activity-based therapies are highly effective but under-utilized by the rehabilitation specialists.
Abstract: Background: Locomotion is a basic motor act which is essential for the survival of humans. The basic muscle synergies which are responsible for body propulsion are generated by the neurons in spinal cord collectively known as Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion. Spinal Cord is the major conduit for the transmission of information between brain...
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Case Report
Impact of a Six-Week Treadmill Walking Program Combined with Submaximal Inspiratory Exercise in a Prehypertensive Female Living with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Abiodun Akanbi Adeogun*
,
Jade Bender-Burnett
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2024
Pages:
16-24
Received:
10 April 2024
Accepted:
24 April 2024
Published:
10 May 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can result in a range of disability, cognitive and ambulatory dysfunction, depression, fatigue, pain, and reduced quality of life. Hypertension has also been identified as a comorbidity for people living with MS. This case report investigated the impact of a six-week treadmill walking program combined with submaximal inspiratory exercise in a 39-year-old prehypertensive female living with MS. Case Description: The patient was referred for outpatient physical therapy to manage prehypertension and symptoms associated with MS. The patient completed a six-week treadmill walking program combined with submaximal inspiratory exercise. Outcomes included were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Results: Following six weeks of intervention, the patient's resting SBP decreased from 128 mmHg to 122 mmHg and resting DBP decreased from 88 mmHg to 82 mmHg. The patient's fatigue level, measured with MFIS, improved from 57/84 to 35/84. LEFS increased from 26/80 to 39/80 with improvements in balance, walking, and stair-climbing activities. Discussion: A six-week treadmill walking program combined with submaximal inspiratory exercise effectively lowered resting blood pressure and MS-related symptoms, improving the patient's quality of life and functional capabilities.
Abstract: Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can result in a range of disability, cognitive and ambulatory dysfunction, depression, fatigue, pain, and reduced quality of life. Hypertension has also been identified as a comorbidity for people living with MS. This case report investigated the impact of a six-week treadmill walking program combined with subm...
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